Estudios
Publicado 15-09-2019
Palabras clave
- Francia,
- Biafra,
- Nigeria,
- guerra civil,
- África
Cómo citar
Carreño, E. A. (2019). Más allá del no reconocimiento: Francia y Biafra (1967-1970). Ayer. Revista De Historia Contemporánea, 115(3), 219–249. https://doi.org/10.55509/ayer/115-2019-09

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación entre Francia y la República de Biafra durante la guerra civil de Nigeria, en particular los intereses estratégicos de Charles de Gaulle en África Occidental. Este se negó a entregar el reconocimiento al régimen de Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu; sin embargo, proporcionó ayuda diplomática y militar a los igbos independentistas a través de sus principales aliados en la región: Costa de Marfil y Gabón.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
- Alain Murcier: «Petrole et guerre au Nigeria», Revue Francaise d’Estudes Politiques Africaines, 47 (1969).
- Alain Renard: Biafra: naissance d’une nation?, París, Aubier, 1969.
- Alexander A. Madiebo: The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War, Enugu, Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1980.
- Ali Mazrui: Africa’s International Relations, Boulder, Westview Press, 1977.
- Anthony Mockler: The Mercenaries, Nueva York, Macmillan, 1969.
- Anton Andereggen: France’s Relationship with Subsaharan Africa, Westport, Praeger, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216968665
- Barbara Jung: «L’image télévisuelle comme arme de guerre. Exemple de la guerre du Biafra, 1967-1970», Bulletin de l’Institut Pierre Renouvin, 26, 2 (2007). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/bipr.026.0049
- Bassey E. Ate: «The Presence of France in West-Central Africa as a Fundamental Problem to Nigeria», en Bassey E. Ate y Bola A. Akinterinwa (eds.): Nigeria and Its Immediate Neighbours: Constraints and Prospects of Sub-Regional Security in the 1990s, Lagos, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1992.
- Bola A. Akinterinwa: «French Security Arrangements with Francophone Africa: Implications for Nigeria’s Relations with its Immediate Neighbours», en Bassey E. Ate y Bola A. Akinterinwa (eds.): Nigeria and Its Immediate Neighbours: Constraints and Prospects of Sub-Regional Security in the 1990s, Lagos, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1992.
- Bola Akinterinwa: «The Termination and Re-establishment of Diplomatic Relations with France: A Study in Nigeria’s Foreign Policy Decision-Making», en Gabriel O. Olusanya y Rafiu A. Akindele (eds.): The Structure and Processes of Foreign Policy Making and Implementation in Nigeria, 1960-1990, Lagos, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 1990.
- Chukwuemeka Kaduna Nzeogwu: «Transcription of the First Military Announcement over Radio Nigeria. Kaduna, January 15, 1966», en Salomon W. Obotetukudo (ed.): The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-Elected Presidents and Prime Minister, 1960-2010, Lanham, University Press of America, 2011.
- Claude S. Phillips: The Development of Nigerian Foreign Policy, Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1964.
- Cletus T. Akwaya: French Foreign Policy in Africa: Change and Continuity, Lagos, Concept Publications, 2011.
- Daniel Bach: «Le Général de Gaulle et la guerre civile au Nigeria», Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, 14, 2 (1980). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1980.10803959
- Dietmar Rothermund: The Routledge Companion to Decolonization, Nueva York, Routledge, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203002643
- Donald B. Cruise O’Brien: «Clan, Community, Nation: Dimensions of Political Loyalty in Senegal», en David R. Smock y Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill (eds.): The Search for National Integration in Africa, Nueva York, Free Press, 1976.
- Francis T. McNamara: France in Black Africa, Washington DC, National Defense University, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA229583
- Frédéric Grah Mel: Félix Houphouët-Boigny, La fin et la suite, París, Karthala.
- Frederick Forsyth: The Biafran Story: Making of an African Legend, Baltimore, Penguin Books, 1969.
- Howard French: «The Mercenary Position», Transition, 73 (1997). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2935448
- Jacques Foccart: Tous les soirs avec de Gaulle: journal de l’Élysée I, 1965-1967, París, Fayard-Jeune Afrique, 1997.
- James Mayall: Africa: The Cold War and After, Londres, Elek, 1971.
- Jean Charpentier: «Pratique française du droit international», Annuaire Français de Droit International, 15 (1969). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/afdi.1969.1573
- John de St. Jorre: The Brothers’ War: Biafra and Nigeria, Londres, Faber & Faber, 2009.
- John de St. Jorre: The Nigerian Civil War, Londres, Hodder & Stoughton, 1972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2934310
- John Harris y Mary P. Rowe: «Entrepreneurial Attitudes and National Integration: The Nigerian Case», en Robert Melson y Howard Wolpe (eds.): Modernization of the Politics of Communalism, East Lansing, Michigan State University Press, 1971.
- John Ilife: Obasanjo, Nigeria and the World, Rochester, Boydell & Brewer, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781846159381
- John J. Stremlau: The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1977.
- John R. Heilbrunn: «The Flea on Nigeria’s Back: The Foreign Policy of Benin», en S. Stephen Wright (ed.): African Foreign Policies, Boulder, Westview Press, 1999.
- Kwame Nkrumah: Africa Must Unite, Nueva York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1963.
- Kwame Nkrumah: Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism, Londres, Heinemann, 1965.
- Lapido Adamolekun: «The Foreign Policy of Guinea», en Olajide Aluko (ed.): The Foreign Policies of African States, Ibadan, Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.
- Louis Sabaurin: «Problems and Prospects of the Seven Land-Locked Countries of French-Speaking Africa: CAR, Chad, Mali, Niger, Upper Volta, Rwanda and Burundi», en Zdenek Cervenka (ed.): Land-Locked Countries of Africa, Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1973.
- M. Mandazout Baillet: «Les informations sur le conflit Nigeria-Biafra dans la presse quotidienne française», Journalisme, 32, 1 (1970).
- Maurice Vaïsse: «L’ONU, une tribune pour la politique gaullienne?», en Gabriel Robin (dir.): 8e Conférence internationale des éditeurs de Documents diplomatiques, París, Peter Lang, 2008.
- Maurice Vaïsse: De Gaulle et l’Algérie: 1943-1969, París, Armand Colin, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14375/NP.9782200280390
- Maurice Vaïsse: La Grandeur. Politique étrangère du général de Gaulle (1958-1969), París, CNRS Éditions, 1998.
- Michael Crowder: The Story of Nigeria, Londres, Faber & Faber, 1978.
- Michael Gould: The Biafran War. The Struggle for Modern Nigeria, Nueva York, I. B. Tauris, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755623945
- Modigbo Keita: «The Foreign Policy of Mali», International Affairs, 37, 4 (1960). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2611067
- Olayiwola Abegunrin: Nigerian Foreign Policy under Military Rule, 1966-1999, Westport, Praeger, 2003.
- Olusegun Obasanjo: My Command. An Account of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970, Londres, Heinemann Educational Books, 1980.
- Paul-Marie de la Gorce: De Gaulle entre deux mondes, París, Fayard, 1964.
- Pauline H. Baker: «A Giant Staggers: Nigeria as an Emerging Regional Power», en Bruce Arlinghaus (ed.): African Security Issues. Sovereignty, Stability and Solidarity, Boulder, Westview Press, 1984.
- Philippe Oulmont y Maurice Vaïsse: De Gaulle et la décolonisation de l’Afrique subsaharienne, París, Karthala, 2014.
- Raph Uwechue: Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War: Facing the Future, Londres, Holmes & Meier, 1971.
- Robert Jackson: Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
- Ross K. Baker: «The Role of Ivory Coast in the Nigeria-Biafra War», The African Scholar, 4 (1970).
- Roy Lewis: «Britain and Biafra: A Commonwealth Civil War», The Round Table. The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 60, 239 (1970). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358537008452880
- Stephen D. Tansey y David G. Kermode: «The Westminster Model in Nigeria», Parliamentary Affairs, 21 (1967). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/21.1967sep.19
- Suzanne Cronje: The World and Nigeria. The Diplomatic History of the Biafran War, 1967-1970, Londres, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1972.
- Thomas A. Imobighe: Nigeria’s Defence and National Security Linkages. A Framework of Analysis, Ibadan, Heinemann Educational Books, 2003.
- Ubong E. Umoh: «The Making of Arms in Civil War Biafra, 1967-1970», The Calabar Historical Journal, 5, 1-2 (2011).
- Victor P. Diejomaoh: «The Economic of the Nigerian Conflict», en Joseph Okpaku (ed.): Nigeria: Dilemma of Nationhood. An African Analysis of the Biafran Conflict, Nueva York, The Third Press, 1972.
- Vincent Genin: «La France et le Congo ex-belge (1961-1965). Intérêts et influences en mutation», Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire, 91, 4 (2013). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2013.8477
- Zdenek Cervenka: The Nigerian War, 1967-1970, Fráncfort del Meno, Bernard & Graefe, 1973.